Behavioral scientists Essay Example for Free

Behavioral scientists Essay Gang violence is a social phenomenon that has caught the interests of behavioral scientists, psychologists and other related fields. At the forefront is the fact that gangs are social groups that have exclusive rules and strict codes of brotherhood which can actually provide the need for belongingness and affiliation as well as security in the harsh life in the city streets. Surprisingly, gangs have been associated with violence for the longest time, the term gang is already perceived as negative and that at present, gang is synonymous to violence, criminal acts and substance abuse. People join gangs for various reasons but it has been found that adolescents who have been victims of abuse, have dysfunctional family systems, school drop-outs and those in foster care generally join gangs more than the normal teenager. Thus, the final project is geared towards bringing about behavior change for adolescents at risk of joining gangs and or has a tendency for violence. Before drawing up a concrete behavior change program, it is important to examine how this could be brought about by factors like motivation and cultural awareness. Motivating people to change is not an easy feat, generally, if a person is set in his/her ways, then asking them to change something that they do not perceive to be evil or negative is a futile act. Central to the concept of motivation is that the goal offered to the individual must be meaningful to him/her, one that is personally desired and can be owned as a personal decision. This is where choice comes in, when a person is confronted with a choice; his/her reaction to it depends on their circumstances and present state of mind (Iyengar Lepper, 1999). In this context, choosing to change their behavior should come from their internal desire to change, to become better and to be removed from their present difficulties. For example, if the behavior that is targeted to be modified is expressions of anger, it makes sense to the person to change this if he/she can realize that his/her actions hurt other people and that it also causes people to avoid them and hence lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness. Gangs are often formed around cultural groups, that is one gang can be comprised of Latinos, others are blacks, and others Asians and or whites. Thus, a program for behavior change should also consider the different cultural underpinnings of the gang and its members, if the gang is made up of black Americans, then asking them to join a program geared towards changing them, might be construed as culturally motivated, they have to be changed because they are blacks. There is much emotionality when it comes to culturally specific gangs and it cannot be denied that emotion may get in the way of participating in a program that is designed to change them (Markus Kitayama, 1991) Motivation is also said to be affected by culture, one has to be able to correctly identify the cultural background of the gang or the participants of the project so as to provide a more culturally relevant and sensitive program. Lastly, motivation can be defined as extrinsic and intrinsic, it has been generally accepted that intrinsic motivation is more positive, more important and influential than extrinsic motivation thus the behavior change program should appeal to the intrinsic motivation of the participants. Intrinsic motivation is the feelings and behavior that drives the person to act in a certain way or to commit to a behavior change program. Internal means that it is something personal and valued by the person, it can be the desire for self-awareness, confidence and achievement, whereas extrinsic motivations are physical and tangible like prestige, money and awards (Sansone Harackiewicz, 2000). The behavior change program should be designed to spark the intrinsic motivation of the participants, thus conducting an orientation seminar will introduce the participant to the program and letting them experience how good it is to be able to know who they are, to know that they mattered and someone cared for them would facilitate rapport and trust between the researcher and the participant. If the concepts of choice, culture and motivation will be adequately examined and integrated into the planned program, then surely the project would be a success. References Iyengar, S. Lepper, M. (1999). Rethinking the role of choice: A cultural perspective on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 349-366. Markus, H. Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253. Sansone, C. Harackiewicz, J. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The search for optimal motivation and performance. San Diego: Academic Press.

Moving Beyond Motherhood in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins G

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since its original publication in The New England Magazine in May 1892 and its subsequent resurrection by modern feminists in the l970's, Charlotte Perkins Gilman's novella, "The Yellow Wallpaper" has gone through varied interpretations. When it was originally written, "The Yellow Wallpaper" was considered a tale of horror, so horrible in fact, that one editor, Horace Scudder of the Atlantic Monthly, refused the work because he did not want to make others as miserable as he was when he read it. Even as late as 1971, Gilman's work was anthologized under the category of horror (Kennard 75). It was not until the work was rediscovered and republished in 1973 that modern feminist critics recognized the female hero as a victim of society (Kennard 75). However, "The Yellow Wallpaper" is more than a story with a fictional character; it is the story of its creator. Gilman, as well as her heroine, suffered through postpartum depression. She not only had to fight the depression and isolation of being a mother but also the social mores of the time which did not condone career-minded mothers. Society's prime guardians of the status quo in this instance were the medical doctors who found it necessary to treat women who were less than happy in their domestic roles. In her case, the treatment was administered by Dr. S. Weir Mitchell for whom Gilman stated she wrote "The Yellow Wallpaper" (The Living of CPG 121). Gilman recognized that she needed to escape the confinement of the home before she could become a career woman who also happened to be a mother. It was through "The Yellow Wa llpaper" that the transition from homebound mother to career mother began. The feelings she experienced as a new mother were not unlike those of ma... ...Gilman: An Autobiography. New York and London: D. Appleton-Century Co. (1935)   Rpt. As The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. New York: Harper & Row, Colophon Books, 1975. ---. "Why I Wrote the Yellow Wallpaper". Charlotte Perkins Gilman: A Study of the Short Fiction. Ed. Denise D Knight. New York, Twayne Publishers, 1997. 106-107. Hill, Mary A. Charlotte Perkins Gilman: The Making of a Radical Feminist, 1860-1896. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1980. Kennard, Jean E. "Convention Coverage or How to Read Your Own Life." New Literary History 13 (Autumn 1981): 69-88. Palis, James., et al. "The Hippocratic Concept of Hysteria: A Translation of the Original Texts." Integrative Psychiatry 3.3 (1985): 226-228. Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll "The Hysterical Woman: Sex Roles and Role Conflict in 19th-Century America," Social Research 39 (Winter 1972): 652-78   

Perodua Company Assignment Essay

The automotive sector is a key industry in a Malaysian economy. There are given major challenge facing the automotive manufacturing, in exacting globalization, liberalization and growing competition, there is a must to evaluate the tactical trend and the competitive advantage for the domestic automotive sector. This study undertakes to explore the environmental factors that are likely to influence the marketing performance in PERODUA Malaysia. Perodua does not contend with Proton for the similar market position because Perodua mostly produce small-compact cars. . In Malaysia Perodua is second automobile manufacturer which after Proton. PERODUA is a leading automotive firm in the local automotive industry, with aspirations of becoming a global organization. Founded in 1993, PERODUA has grown from a company offering a single invention into a strong and dynamic Group such as the: Perodua Kancil – August 1994 The Perodua Rusa – March 1996 The Perodua Kembara – August 1998 The Perodua Kenari – June 2000 The Perodua Kelisa – August 2001 The Perodua Myvi – May 2005 The Perodua Viva – May 2007 The Perodua Nautica 4WD – May 2008 The Perodua Alza – November 2009 SUPPLIERS A contributory wholly-owned by Daihatsu (M) Sdn Bhd, DMM Sales Sdn Bhd was formed in 1994. Since then, DMM Sales have successfully established as the major merchant of Perodua vehicles in Malaysia, with sales/service outlets in most of the states. Factor study and hierarchical regression study are used to approve the theoretical model and to test the proposed hypotheses in the study. The findings showed that gender, level of income, level of education and age have impact on car buying pattern. These hypotheses are accepted product, price and promotion competency have significant influence on the cars purchased. Perodua Circle (previously recognized as Kelab Automotif Perodua Malaysia) was founded in 1998 with the main objective of  fostering better relationship between Perodua and its vehicle owners. We are pleased to inform that Kelab Automotif Perodua Malaysia (KAPMA) has been rebranded with a more vibrant new identity. KAPMA is now known as PERODUA CIRCLE. The Perodua Circle members also benefit from activities such as car care workshop, factory visit, treasure hunt, bowling tournament and many more. MARKET CHANNEL Customers mostly look at cost and functionality when deciding which car to purchase. Running costs are an important consideration, especially as a result of the recession and the squeeze on incomes. Relationship marketing is marketing program or strategy to protect an existing customer base through an ongoing process by creating new value for customer. Relationship marketing ensures a loyal base of customer. As the relationship develops the buyers starts to feel safe with the supplier and thus trust is developing. The main input of this study is towards better perceptive of present car market in Malaysia would benefit the academicians, manufacturers and car sellers in knowing the impacts of outside factors on car purchaser buying pattern and the importance of family member in influencing cars purchases. A firm’s division objectives will eventually be high related—some will enhance each other while others will compete. For example, as we have discussed, more exclusive and higher service distribution will generally entail less intensity and lesser reach. Cost has to be traded off against speed of delivery and intensity (it is much more expensive to have a product available in convenience stores than in supermarkets, for example). For a company it is very necessary to have updated date and to have a close watch and to assess the ever changing environment around them. There are 2 types of environment and there are Micro Environment and Macro Environment. MICRO ENVIRONMENT Micro environment factors are factors close to a business that have a direct impact on its business operations and success. Before deciding corporate strategy businesses should carry out a full analysis of their micro environment. As all businesses need customers, they should be Centered  (Orientated) around customers. The firm’s marketing plan should aim to attract and retain customers through products that meets their â€Å"wants and needs† and excellent customer service. Employing staff with relevant skills and experience is essential. This process begins at recruitment stage and continues throughout an employee’s employment via ongoing training and promotion opportunities. Suppliers provide businesses with the materials they need to carry out their business activities. A supplier’s behavior will directly impact the business it supplies. For example if a supplier provides a poor service this could increase timescales or product quality. An increase in raw material prices will affect an organization’s Marketing Mix strategy and may even force price increases. Close supplier relationships are an effective way to remain competitive and secure quality products. While for the micro environment consists of 6 factors in PERODUA such as customer, company, competitors, supplier, Marketing Intermediaries & public. CUSTOMER Customer can be divided into 5 types such as consumer market, business market, reseller market, Government market & global market. The consumer market in Perodua manufacturing shows that Perodua Company comes with varies vehicles that are able to attract buyers particularly these who want an reasonable yet efficient vehicle. The company mostly targets on individuals or family who want to buy worth car at a quality as Perodua Company sets up the prices that are sensible and affordable by most consumers. Perodua Myvi is product on May 2005 by Perodua Company which is one of the examples for individual or family use. Besides that the business market is the companies which buy goods and services are to be used in the production id other goods For instance, Perodua Company buys the parts from other countries but the assembling is done in Malaysia. The companies that purchases the goods or services and resell the product without making any changes to it. For examples, Perodua dealers get the manufactured goods from the main company and finally distribute to them without making any changes of the cars. For government market they may pay for it to be used it in the production of goods and services. For example, the model of Perodua Myvi, Perodua Kancil, Perodua Viva are provided to the government for the use of National Parade Day. The products used for the use of the government to carry on with the  government duties. For international market, Perodua Myvi purchases for the overseas market such as United Kingdom, Singapore, Brunei, Fiji, Nepal and Sri Lanka. COMPANY This segment is about the togetherness which should be there among all departments so that the product will be delivered to the customer in the desired time. This process will be an incomplete process if there are disagreements between departments, which will result in a delay of not delivering the product to the customer on time. MACRO ENVIRONMENT Macro Environment contains external forces that an organization can’t directly control, instead organizations need to manage their macro environment in a way that benefits them. A PEST analysis is used to identify the external forces affecting an organization/making up its Macro Environment. This is a simple analysis of an organization’s Political, Economical, Social and Technological environment. A PEST analysis incorporating legal and environmental factors is called a PESTLE analysis.

Criminal Law And Its Effect On Society - 927 Words

Criminal law is an immense part in society, including the following functions: to deter a person from acts that harms them or society. Additionally, people who do not follow the rules that are being set by the authority, they will be punished. The criminal law is formed to guide the general public behaviour, which are seen acceptable by society. (Jonathan Herring criminal law eighth edition) Criminal laws are set of rules, created by the authority to establish control in society. While, morality is the principles and values that are recognised by society to institute right from wrong and good from bad. As there are different cultures, age groups and gender in society have different beliefs, attitudes and values as Jock Young has pointed out. What one may view as moral others may view immoral. While society goes through development, people’s views change and the way they react to certain ideas such as manner offences (littering). The definition of ‘morality’ has changed over time and will have different meaning for various cultures. Another main reason why law should not enforce moral ideas is because there are different concepts in society in which they view moral. (Regina v R) is a case that challenges the idea of morality, where a husband rapes his wife. In 1736 Chief Justice Hale had argued â€Å"the husband cannot be guilty of rape committed by himself upon his lawful wife†. On the other hand, this was a time when the law was based on religion values and people use toShow MoreRelatedCriminal Law And Its Effect On Society853 Words   |  4 Pagesthis learner to elaborate more on â€Å"which laws this learner believe are considered criminal by the larger society, but may be considered acceptable by the groups lacking wealth†? (Martin, 2016. Para. 1). Well, this learner will try to address this question. As we know criminal laws were created for us as a society to follow, maintain, and be punished if the law is broken. Now, that sounds really good, but as a society this is not true, because these laws are look good on paper, and are supposed toRead MoreCriminal Law And Its Effect On Society951 Words   |  4 PagesThe start of a criminal punishment started in the Code of Hammurabi then followed by common law. Common law no longer functions in the definition of crime and how they could only be committed in a certain way. The criminal law was created to fit into the modern definition of crimes and the new understanding of criminal acts. Criminal law is to punish criminal and deter crime that goes against norm social behavior. The law breaking has potential punishment whichRead MoreEssay The Contrast and Comparison of Crime in Our Society1032 Words   |  5 Pageshas diverse effects on society in various ways, shapes or form. These criminal effects are impacted either on an individual basis or a continual basis in our everyday lives. These effects or outcomes, if you will, are prevalent on our streets we live on, the neighborhoods we are in, and even the states that we live in. The end result of crimes in our society has many different physical, financial, and emotional impacts. Among those influenced are the public, the victim, and the Police/Law EnforcementRead MoreThe Laws Enforced By Police Have Multiple Effects On The Citizens1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe laws enforced by police have multiple effects on the citizens that they control. Quite often, these laws are too harsh and upheld as a means of catching the minor crimes as opposed to the more severe ones. This creates an effect on citizens that manipulates their minds and emotions. The criminals become easier to pick out of the crowd and revert to a life of crime rather than back into society as honest citizens. People in society live in fear of whether they did or are going to do somethingRead MoreCriminal Justice: Concept, Process, System, and Agencies Essay668 Words   |  3 PagesCriminal Justice: Concept, Process, System, and Agencies Helen Jordan-Seals CRJS 1001-12 – Contemporary Criminal Justice System July 29, 2012 The Criminal Justice System goes as far back as the days of Jesus. There were Soldiers who acted like policeman, the tribune which was the court system, and Caesar, Herod and even Pontius Pilate stood as judge. The prison system was that of dark caves and dungeons. As we journey to the twenty-first century, nothing has genuinely changed. Read MoreJuvenile Delinquency : Should Severity Of Punishment For Young Offenders Be The Same As Adults?1200 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopments, â€Å"the law affects nearly every aspect of our lives every day† (â€Å"Canada’s System of Justice†, 2015, p. 1), including laws for crimes, rules of conduct, and solutions of conflicts. As one of the developed countries among the world, Canada’s national government has developed a complete justice system with a series of laws, sentences, punishments, and programs. This system is aiming to avoid the occurrence of crimes, protect citizens’ safety, and ensure normal op erations in the society. In today’sRead MoreEssay on Criminal Sentencing Purpose1300 Words   |  6 Pages Criminal Sentencing purpose There was once a Television show name â€Å"Berretta† and the show theme song said do not do crime if you cannot do the time. That is a true saying, one that should be on every criminal mind why they are committing a crime. Sentencing a criminal for crimes for which they have been convicted of is their due punishment according to the severity of the crime committed. The Courts have for centuries punished criminals according to the belief of the society in whichRead MorePrisoners Rights954 Words   |  4 PagesSociety Tiffany Horvath SOC 305: Crime and Society Instructor: Efua Akoma October 28, 2013 If you asked 100 random people to describe a criminal, they would describe someone uneducated, in and out of the justice system, a minority or just a basic street criminal. â€Å"National surveys suggest that when Americans think about crime, they see the face of a black jobless high-school dropout from a broken home† (Society, 2013). â€Å"Federal researchers found, for example, that many prisonersRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System in Canada1343 Words   |  6 PagesEvery country has a justice system in place in their society in order to maintain peace and equality. The Criminal Justice System gives civilians the opportunity to receive integrity through a legal system while giving them a fair chance to deal with negligence and misconduct. There are several components that work together to enforce the purpose played by the Criminal Justice System. Most obviously, it includes the rules and laws entrenched in the Charter and Constitution in which prosecutors andRead MorePrison Reflection Paper974 Words   |  4 Pagesdescribes the effect of stigma and punitive punishment on the life of offender after re-entering back into society. Reintegration is the most difficult issue for the correctional system due to the safety of the community and increases chances of recidivism. Reintegration is the process where an offender is prepared to return safely to the society as a law-abiding citizen after serving their prison time. A life of imprisonment is a process where individuals are separated from society and forced them